The Ultimate Guide to Motorcycle Maintenance: What Every Rider Should Know

 

Though it’s fun to blast down the highway, it’s important to remember that motorcycle ownership comes with a few responsibilities, such as keeping up with routine service. Motorcycle maintenance doesn’t just keep bikes riding and looking good; it also makes them safer. In our comprehensive guide, you’ll learn more about Harley maintenance and why it matters.

Regular Maintenance: How Often Is It Needed?

The frequency of motorcycle maintenance jobs depends on factors such as:

• Manufacturer recommendations. When you buy a quality used motorcycle from us, you’ll receive a copy of the owner’s manual, which contains model-specific guidelines and service intervals.
• The way you ride. If you ride often or in harsh environments, you may need frequent maintenance.
• The task at hand. Simple jobs like chain lubrication and oil changes must be done more often than complex tasks.

Key maintenance should be done at the following intervals.

• Oil changes: Change your Harley’s oil every three to six months or 3000-5000 miles, whichever is first.
• Tire replacement and inspection: Check your tires weekly and change them when worn below a safe tread depth.
• Brakes: Inspect your bike’s brakes regularly and service them according to Harley-Davidson’s guidelines.
• Chain lube and belt adjustment: Lubricate your bike’s chain following each ride and adjust chain or belt tension when necessary.

Remember, these recommendations are general. Refer to your bike’s manual for model-specific guidelines and adjust your schedule based on the above factors.

In the following sections, we’ll get into some basic bike maintenance jobs.

Oil Changes

When we think of automotive maintenance, oil changes are one of the first things that come to mind. It’s much the same for Harley riders, and an oil change is a great starting point.

Changing your bike’s oil isn’t all that different from changing a car’s oil. First, you’ll need a stable bike stand. Not only will a motorcycle stand make oil changes easier, but it will also simplify most of the other jobs on our list.

The most significant difference between motorcycle and automotive oil changes is the type of oil used. When buying oil and filters, be sure they’re compatible with your bike. Read the owner’s manual or ask a qualified repair technician for advice.

Oil changes can be messy jobs, and it’s best to do them outdoors in a place that's easy to clean. Consider putting some scrap cardboard under the bike stand to absorb any dripping oil.

Air Filter Changes

Much like your car or truck, your Harley has an air filter that occasionally needs to be changed. Interval and filter type vary by model, so check the manual for recommendations. Generally, it’s best to check the air filter with every oil change. If the filter looks dirty or damaged, replace it.

It's tricky to get to the air filter on some Harley-Davidson models, but the swap itself is easy. If you lack the time, patience, or skill to change your oil filter, let an expert do it for you.

Engine Coolant

All motor vehicles, including bikes, have coolant that prevents engine overheating. Changing your Harley’s coolant is much like changing it in your car or truck. Motorcycle engine coolant is different, though, and you shouldn’t just use the antifreeze that’s already in your garage. Read the owner’s manual or ask a specialist which type of coolant and change interval is best for your bike.

Inspecting the Drive Belt or Chain

Your bike’s drive belt may stretch with time, and it’s not a reason to panic—but it does indicate the need for maintenance. Tightening the belt isn’t too difficult, and you’ll likely find instructions in the owner’s manual. Furthermore, some Harleys, such as custom builds, still use drive chains.

When adjusting a drive chain or belt, turn the bike off first. It may seem obvious, but it bears repeating: it’s dangerous to work on moving parts.

No matter how well your chain or belt is maintained, it’ll eventually need to be replaced. Though it’s possible to do with the right tools, it’s beyond the reach of many riders. If you’re not sure how to tighten your drive belt or chain, seek help from a local motorcycle mechanic.

Inspecting the Tires

Tires are another crucial, yet often overlooked aspect of motorcycle maintenance. Check them often—before every ride, if possible—and replace them when worn out. Motorcycle accidents are much more dangerous than car crashes, and pre-ride tire inspections are a great habit to form.

When inspecting your bike’s tires, start with the tread. Like car and truck tires, motorcycle tires have tread wear indicators. If visible, it’s time to get a new set of tires.

It’s a good idea to check your air pressure at least once a week during the riding season. PSI or pounds per square inch is a measurement on the tire's sidewall, and it’s best to use a gauge to confirm that you’ve added enough air. With fresh, properly inflated tires, you’ll enjoy a safer ride.

Brakes

A Harley’s brakes are one of its most important safety components. Be sure to inspect your bike’s brake pads, discs, and fluid levels regularly.

Most Harley-Davidson service technicians recommend inspecting the brake pads every 2500 miles. If you ride hard, however, more frequent inspections may be needed. Keep your braking system debris-free by using a clean cloth and brake cleaner to wipe down components.

Even well-maintained brakes need to be replaced at regular intervals. Be sure to use genuine Harley-Davidson brake pads, which are designed for optimum performance and compatibility with the most popular models. Control, durability, quiet operation, and stopping power are H-D’s highest priorities, and its testing processes ensure maximum durability.

Battery Care

A fresh battery will start your bike and power its electrical components. Check your bike’s battery regularly, looking for corrosion and ensuring that connections are tight and clean. Charge the battery during downtime to prevent premature wear.

A battery tender will make charging and maintenance easier. Today’s battery tenders maintain optimal charge levels and help batteries last longer. Battery care is an investment that may save you from the hassle and frustration of being stranded on the open road.

Be Seen and Be Safe: Lighting Checks

Don’t sacrifice safety for a nighttime joyride. Functional turn signals, taillights, and headlights ensure communication and visibility on two wheels. Malfunctioning lights and burned-out bulbs can make you less visible to other motorists, increasing accident risk. To stay safe on the road, regularly check your bike’s lights and replace bulbs when needed. Visibility equals safety—which translates to decreased risk and more enjoyable riding.

Throttle and Clutch Controls

Functional throttle and clutch controls are part of a safe, fun riding experience. When control cables are well-maintained, you can respond quickly as issues arise. Check the throttle and clutch cables before every ride, looking for visible damage and wear. Cables and tubes should be well lubricated, which protects them from dust, dirt, and debris. With basic throttle and clutch maintenance, these crucial parts will be ready to work when needed.

Exhaust Systems and Parts

Exhaust systems give Harley-Davidson motorcycles their distinctive sound and world-famous performance. At the beginning of each riding season, inspect your bike’s exhaust pipes for signs of damage and corrosion. Tighten loose connections and replace worn components as needed.

If you want the best sound and highest performance, consider upgrading your bike's exhaust system. Before doing so, ensure that the modifications comply with local law.

Engine Tuning

Along with exhaust upgrades, dyno tuning ensures that Harleys run at peak efficiency and performance. Dynos or dynamometers measure an engine’s output through torque, fuel-to-oil ratio, and horsepower.

Optimizing settings ensures top-level performance without sacrificing fuel economy or rideability. When riders include regular tuning in their maintenance plans, they are more likely to avoid expensive repairs and the downtime that comes with them.

Suspension Work

Like other parts, a motorcycle suspension’s performance diminishes with time—and the decline is so gradual that most riders don’t notice it. Your Harley’s suspension is one of its most important components because it provides feedback directly from the wheels, ensuring proper control and handling.

By checking your suspension setup and replacing parts as necessary, you will prolong your bike's life and stay safe on the road. Schedule suspension service and cruise safely!

Spark Plug Changes/Tune-Ups

Your Harley’s spark plugs are crucial to its engine performance. Regularly change spark plugs according to the builder's recommendations, paying close attention to the gap between electrodes. Well-maintained plugs promote efficient combustion, contributing to fuel efficiency and engine performance. Inspect and replace them regularly to prevent excessive fuel consumption, misfires, and other issues.

Storing Your Bike Properly

To keep your bike in road-ready condition, especially during cold winters, store it inside. While garages are preferable, a secure storage shed will do the job. Not only will indoor storage prevent cold- and damp-related damage, but it will also reduce the risk of theft and vandalism.

If there’s no room for your bike indoors, we recommend using a high-quality protective cover. Motorcycles gather dust and moisture while parked, and a cover will prevent most buildup.

Professional vs. DIY Motorcycle Maintenance: Which is Better?

The best approach to bike maintenance depends on your resources, skills, and abilities.

• DIY: If you like getting dirty and have some mechanical skills, chain/belt adjustments, air filter replacements, oil changes, and other tasks can be accomplished in-house. Do-it-yourself maintenance saves money in the long term, but it can create problems if you don’t have the knowledge or tools to do the job right.
• Professional maintenance: Complex jobs like tire changes, brake repairs, and engine overhauls should be left to the experts. While professional bike maintenance and repairs may cost more, proper diagnosis is guaranteed, and future issues are prevented.

Motorcycle maintenance is essential no matter who does it. By weighing your skills, time constraints, and budget, you’ll find the right approach and keep your bike on the road longer.

Why Harley Maintenance Matters

The benefits of regular maintenance extend beyond potential savings. Well-maintained Harleys offer:

• Better handling and performance. Bikes run smoother, respond quicker, and handle more predictably when maintained, improving your confidence and control on two wheels.
• A lower risk of mechanical failure. Regular upkeep catches issues early, preventing sudden breakdowns that can create dangerous situations.
• A longer lifespan for your bike. Proper maintenance extends your Harley’s life, saving money on part replacements and repairs.

Peace of mind is one of the biggest benefits of regular maintenance. When riders know their bikes are in top shape, they are more likely to enjoy every mile.

Signs That It’s Time for Maintenance

Skipping maintenance and taking shortcuts can lead to safety hazards and expensive repairs. Look for these signs that your bike needs attention.

• Vibrations and noises. Excessive vibrations or strange noises may indicate worn bearings, loose parts, and other problems.
• Declining performance. If your Harley loses power, is hard to start, or isn’t performing as well as it should, it’s time for a maintenance visit.
• Coolant, brake fluid, and oil leaks require immediate attention.
• Difficult handling and braking. Worn-out suspension parts and faulty brakes can affect bike safety and control. If your bike is too hard to handle, get it serviced.

If you see any of these signs, bring your bike in for service right away. Early intervention and regular maintenance keep small issues from turning into big and expensive problems.

Motorcycle Maintenance Keeps You on the Road

Though most of us just want to get on our bikes and ride, there are a few things to do first. Regular maintenance ensures your Harley-Davidson’s longevity, reliability, and safety. With careful attention to the areas mentioned above, you can detect potential problems and address them before they become safety issues.

Proper maintenance also helps you maximize your bike’s potential, whether it’s boosting performance or increasing comfort on long rides. It’s about protecting yourself and your investment. By caring for your Harley, you will ensure a long-lasting relationship between it and the road.